FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2015/2016
- Teacher
- ANDREA BALBO
- Credits
- 9
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
- SSD
- ING-IND/22
Training objectives
- The course is structured in two parts: Fundamentals of Chemistry (I part, 6 credits) and introductions to materials science (II part, 3 credits, module).
The course aims at providing to the students of the Bachelor's Degree in Mechanical Engineering the fundamentals concepts of chemistry and materials science in order to allow the understanding and the interpretation of the properties of different classes of materials. The course also provides an introduction to materials science, with a description of the chemical and mechanical properties of materials. Prerequisites
- Basic knowledge of calcolus
Course programme
- The course is divided in two parts of 48 hours (Part I, Fundamentals of Chemistry) and 24 hours (Part II, Introduction to Materials Science) of lectures respectively, for a total of 72 hours of lessons, including numerical exercises related the contents imparted.
1st part (48 hours of frontal lessons ): Fundamentals of Chemistry
Introduction
Nature of the chemical processes, matter and energy; definitions.
Description of atomic and molecular structure
The quantization of energy, Bohr model, structure of the atom, atomic orbitals, polyelectronic atoms, Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, Pauli exclusion principle, electronic structure and periodic table, electronegativity and electron affinity. Molecules and description of the various types of bonds: ionic bond, covalent bond, metallic bond, hydrogen bond, molecular interactions. Examples.
Description of states of matter
Gaseous state. Properties and gas laws. Ideal gases and applications, gas mixtures. Real gas.
Liquid state. Formation of condensed phases, viscosity and surface tension.
Solid state. Structure of solids, classification of solids, ionic solids, metallic solids, covalent solids. Examples.
Thermodynamics
First principle. State functions, internal energy U, enthalpy H, heat capacity. Standard states. Enthalpy of chemical transformations, reaction enthalpy, standard enthalpy.
Second principle. Spontaneous transformations, reversible and irreversible processes. Gibbs free energy: free energy of reaction, chemical and physical explanation. Examples.
Chemical equilibrium and State diagrams
Nature of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, Le Chatellier principle, Gibbs free energy and equilibrium. Gas phase equilibrium, solution equilibrium, acids and bases. Phase transformation. Solutions and solubility product, colligative properties, state diagrams, binary mixtures, component state diagrams.
Electrochemistry
Electrochemical and electrolytic solutions. Thermodynamics of electrochemistry, Nernst equation, cell and half-cell potential, standard potentials. Electrochemical series. Galvanic cells and electrolytic and their technological aspects with examples. Fuel Cells.
Part II: Introduction to Materials Science.
Structure of matter.
Unit cells, packing of atoms, coordination number, interstitial sites. Miller indices. X-ray Bragg's Law, molecular crystals, ionic, covalent, metallic
Structures and bonding in solids,
Metal bond and electronic conduction, lattice energy,
Defects in solids.
Concept of microstructure grains and grain boundaries. Point defects, line defects, defects of surface volume defects
Interaction between defects and effects on mechanical properties, solution hardening, Hall petch report. Examples. solid alloys, amorphous and glass.
Phase Diagrams
Concept of phase and component. phase rule. Phase diagrams. of binary alloys with partial solid solubility: eutectic, peritectic, eutectoid and peritectoid transformations.
Introduction to the mechanical properties
Stress-strain curve, Young's modulus, interpretation of the mechanical behavior of materials.
Polymeric materials
Elements Organic Chemistry
Bonds and structures in organic molecules, functional groups and nomenclature.
Definition of a polymer, the polymerization process the mechanical properties of natural polymers Didactic methods
- The course is organized as follows:
• theoretical lectures on all topics with the help of slides available on the website of the course: http://www.unife.it/ing/meccanica/insegnamenti/fondamenti-di-chimica-e-materiali;
• numerical exercises on topics covered during the theoretical lectures. Learning assessment procedures
- The aim of the exam is to verify at which level the learning objectives previously described have been acquired.The final exam consists of a written test, based on 10 questions: 3 questions of stoichiometry; 4 questions on the part Fundamentals of Chemistry and 3 questions on the part Fundamentals of Materials.
Time for the final exam: 4 hours Reference texts
- Lecture notes available on the course website: http://www.unife.it/ing/civile/insegnamenti/chimica-applicata-e-tecnologia-dei-materiali/materiale-didattico;
Modern chemistry, D. W. Oxtoby, H.P. Gillis, A. Campion, - EdiSES
Science and Engineering of Materials, William D. Callister David G. Rethwisch - EdiSES
For consultation:
Principles of Chemistry, P. Atkins, L. Jones - ZANICHELLI
Chemistry. Practical exercises and case P. D'Arrigo, A. Forms et alt. EDISES
Stoichiometry, R. Breschi, A. Massagli, - ETS Books
Stoichiometry, P.Michelin Lausarot, GA Vaglio - PICCIN
